Kamenka
Multilayer complex Kamenka is situated in the river Uda basin (Western Transbaikalia), on the left tributary of the first order - river Bryanka. The object was being studied during 1989-1996 by the archaeological expeditions of BSC SB RAS under the direction of Lbova L.
The earliest complex with the personal ornamentation items correlates with the groups of palaeolithic culture (A and C) that are situated in the lower part of geological section with a thickness of 9-11 m. Deposits with paleolithic cultural layers are generally dated to the Karginskoye time (from 25 to 45-50 th. years BP). The collection of personal ornamentation items is various: a fragment of ivory bracelet and diadem, pendants, stone beads, bird's bone beads-pendants, ornamented whistles.
The basis of A/C complex industry is a technique of parallel oncoming knapping and Levallois knapping. Also the collection has flat cores with the transition to an additional front at the end; large elongated blades, and various range of tools including bone tools. This technique with its features is close to blade industries of the initial stage of Central Asia Upper Palaeolithic. Tool set combines Middle Palaeolithic types of tools with a quite high index of Mousterian component. Planographically, habitat horizons are marked by clusters of artifacts with clear boundaries, or clusters confined to stone structures (including focal plates), carcassing sites, storage pits, cooking pits, areas with traces of targeted actions. According to new data, the A/C complex dates 40-45 th. years BP.
The B complex shows another stage of the Upper Palaeolithic culture. Stone industry is based on orthogonal and radial core knapping, using shortened tool blanks. Tool set includes scrapers, end-scrapers, chisel-like tools. The complex dates from 28-30 th. years BP.
The upper part of geological section represents Holocene deposits which includes cultural layers of the Later Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Middle Ages.
Collection
Publications
Lbova L. V. Paleolit severnoj zony Zapadnogo Zabajkal'ya. – Ulan-Ude: Izd-vo BNC SO RAN, 2000. – 240 s.